Acne

What is acne, and how long does it last?

Acne is a common skin condition that appears as plugged pores (blackheads and whiteheads), inflamed red bumps and pimples (pustules), and even deeper lumps and cysts. It occurs on the face, neck, chest, back, shoulders and upper arms. Although most teenagers get some form of acne, adults in their 20’s, 30’s, 40’s or even older can develop it. Often, acne clears up after several years, even without treatment. However, if left untreated, acne can be disfiguring and lead to scarring.

What causes acne?

Acne is not caused by dirt or poor hygiene, and extensive scientific studies have not found a connection between diet and acne. Acne is caused by four main factors: oil over-production, skin cells that do not “fall off” normally around the hair and oil gland, bacterial colonization, and inflammation. Different treatments for acne target each of these factors.

How do you treat acne?

Control of acne is an on-going process, and is aimed at preventing new acne lesions from forming. A combination approach using two or three medications is usually the most effective way to treat acne. There are many forms of treatments available, including:

Topical medications
Acne surgery
Microdermabrasion
Chemical peels
Injections
Oral medications
Photodynamic therapy

What about scarring from acne?

Acne scars can be prevented if the acne is treated early and aggressively. Dark red or purple spots on the skin surface that remain after the acne has healed are called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). PIH is not a true scar and will fade with time; however, the discoloration can last up to 18 months in some patients, especially with excessive sun exposure. The best way to treat PIH and acne scars is to prevent them in the first place.

Once acne scars have formed, they can be treated with a variety of methods including:

Skin resurfacing with the Fraxel laser
Microdermabrasion
Chemical peels
Soft tissue elevation with collagen or fat-filling products can elevate scars.
Scar revision

A combination of these dermatologic treatments can make a noticeable difference in appearance.

Here are few “Do’s and Don’ts” for treating acne:

Wash your skin gently with a mild soap or cleanser using only your hands. Gently “blot” your skin dry with a soft towel. Do not use scrub brushes, buff-puffs or wash cloths. They only irritate the skin.
Use moisturizers that are not thick or greasy.
Do not pick, squeeze or scratch acne lesions as this can lead to longer healing time, skin infection and scarring.
Avoid getting hair products on your face.
Only use cosmetics specifically labeled “Non-comodogenic.”